Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy that has been shown to be effective in treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

EMDR was developed in the 1980s by psychologist Francine Shapiro, who observed that certain types of eye movements appeared to reduce the intensity of disturbing thoughts and memories. In this article, we'll explore EMDR therapy for PTSD, including its goals, techniques, and evidence base. 

What is EMDR Therapy for PTSD? 

EMDR therapy for PTSD is a type of psychotherapy that aims to help individual’s process traumatic experiences and reduce the intensity of associated symptoms, such as flashbacks, nightmares, and anxiety. EMDR therapy involves a series of structured sessions in which the therapist guides the individual through recalling the traumatic memory while simultaneously directing the individual's attention to external stimuli, such as eye movements, tapping, or sounds.

The goal of EMDR therapy is to help the individual process the traumatic memory in a way that reduces its emotional intensity and integrates it into their personal narrative. EMDR is based on the theory that traumatic experiences can become "stuck" in the brain and are not fully processed, leading to on-going distress and symptoms of PTSD. By facilitating the brain's natural information processing system, EMDR can help the individual to "unstick" the traumatic memory and reduce the intensity of associated symptoms.

EMDR Techniques

EMDR therapy involves several techniques that are designed to help the individual process the traumatic memory and reduce associated symptoms. These techniques include: 

• Eye Movements: The therapist directs the individual's eye movements from side to side while they recall the traumatic memory.
• Tapping: The therapist taps the individual's hands or feet while they recall the traumatic memory.
• Sounds: The therapist plays sounds or tones in the individual's ears while they recall the traumatic memory.
• Imagery: The therapist guides the individual to create positive or calming mental images while they recall the traumatic memory. 

During the EMDR session, the individual will be guided to focus on the traumatic memory while simultaneously experiencing the external stimuli, such as eye movements or tapping.

The therapist will encourage the individual to let their mind wander and to observe whatever thoughts, emotions, or physical sensations arise.

The individual will then report their experiences to the therapist, who will help guide them through the process of integrating the traumatic memory into their personal narrative.

 Evidence for EMDR Therapy for PTSD

EMDR therapy has been extensively researched and has been shown to be an effective treatment for individuals with PTSD. According to the American Psychiatric Association, EMDR therapy is an effective treatment for PTSD, with similar efficacy to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy. Several randomised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of EMDR therapy in reducing PTSD symptoms, including flashbacks, nightmares, and anxiety. 

In addition to its effectiveness, EMDR therapy is a relatively brief and non-invasive treatment.

While individual therapy sessions can be intense and emotionally challenging, EMDR therapy does not require long-term therapy or medication. 

Conclusion

EMDR therapy is an evidence-based treatment for PTSD that has been shown to be effective in reducing the intensity of traumatic memories and associated symptoms. EMDR therapy involves a series of structured sessions in which the therapist guides the individual through recalling the traumatic memory while simultaneously directing their attention to external stimuli, such as eye movements or tapping.